What information is visible without TLS Inspection in encrypted HTTPS?

When TLS inspection is not enabled, the only information visible is the server or domain name. This is because, in the context of HTTPS (HTTP over TLS/SSL), the traffic is encrypted. While the basic structure of the TCP packet is visible, along with meta information such as the server to which the traffic is being sent, the content of the requests and responses—including the full payloads, headers, and cookies—remain encrypted and inaccessible.

TLS relies on certificates to establish a secure connection and, during this process, the initial part of the handshake reveals the destination server's hostname through the Server Name Indication (SNI) extension. Hence, the only visible element without performing any form of TLS inspection is the server or domain name being accessed.

Since other choices imply the ability to see more detailed information than is allowed without decryption, they do not accurately represent the limitations imposed by HTTPS encryption in the absence of TLS inspection.