What type of vulnerabilities does Cross-site Scripting (XSS) address?

Cross-site Scripting (XSS) is primarily concerned with code injection attacks. In XSS, an attacker injects malicious scripts into content that is then sent to a user's browser, typically through a web application that fails to properly validate or sanitize user input. When the user's browser executes this script, it can lead to various harmful actions such as stealing session cookies, redirecting the user to malicious sites, or manipulating the displayed content without the user's consent.

This vulnerability arises because web applications often trust and reflect user input without sufficient validation. By exploiting this, an attacker can effectively execute their own JavaScript code in the context of a user's session, leading to various security breaches.

While password theft and data storage issues can certainly be affected by improper application security, they are not directly addressed by XSS vulnerabilities. Additionally, network congestion is not relevant to the context of XSS, which centers around script execution in web applications rather than resource management or performance issues. Therefore, identifying XSS as a concern for code injection directly aligns with its nature as a security risk involving executed scripts within web browsers.